| The Flight of the Earls of 1607 had left Ulster | | | | were shifted to the worst lands. In 1609, some |
| leaderless ad the people defenseless, it also gave | | | | 1300 former Irish soldiers were deported from |
| the English administration a free hand to | | | | Ulster to serve in the Swedish Army with a view |
| implement a policy of plantation across the | | | | to decreasing the threat to the new settlers. |
| province. It was planned on a much more | | | | However, Irish natives continued to plague the |
| systematic and comprehensive scale than | | | | settlers, angered that their lands had been taken |
| previous plantations in the country. Each county | | | | from them. In the 1640s, the Ulster Plantation |
| was to be divided into segregated areas, placing | | | | was seriously threatened by the civil wars which |
| the native Irish in defined places and creating a | | | | sparked off in England, Scotland and Ireland. |
| new network of Protestant communities. | | | | In October 1641, the native Gaelic Ulster Catholics |
| Settlers arrived from England and the lowlands of | | | | rebelled, massacring 4,000 planters and expelling a |
| Scotland bringing their own traditions, codes and | | | | further 12,000. The following year, 10,000 Scottish |
| institutions. They levelled forests,. Commenced | | | | soldiers arrived in Ireland, they fought an |
| arable farming, built towns and villages and | | | | inconclusive campaign with the Ulster Catholic |
| fortified frontier posts. They established industries, | | | | forces, led by Owen Roe O'Neill. In addition to |
| markets, churches and schools; basically a whole | | | | fighting the native Irish, the settlers fought one |
| new society was created. However, the native | | | | another over issues brought on by the English Civil |
| Irish were not completely displaced as the | | | | War. Cromwell's forces suppressed both the |
| segregation plan was not carried out but they | | | | Scottish and Irish forces in Ireland. |