Antonin Artaud and the Birth of the Theatre of Cruelty

To Antonin Artuad, theatre was not a matter ofMallarme, Maeterlinck and Alfred Jarry. He was
life and death, it was hell of lot more importantoverwhelmed by a performance of Balinese
than that. He wanted theatre to return to what ittheatre which he witnessed at the Colonial
once was in primitive societies - pure magic - anExposition in Paris in 1931, it cemented his belief
event where a catharsis of the audience wouldthat a dramatic presentation should be an act of
take place.initiation during which the spectator will be awed
This catharsis that he spoke so passionatelyand even terrified, even heightening to such a
about was not to be fleeting, it was not to be thedegree that they may even lose their reason.
type of catharsis that would move the audienceDuring this induced frenzy the spectator will be
for just the rest of the evening, only to beable to take onboard a complete new set of
forgotten about with the cold realities of thetruths, revelations into the true nature of society.
morning, rather it was to be a catharsis that wasArtaud sought theatre to disturb the mind and
to change civilisation, entirely and forever.open the subconscious, driving people back to
Artaud was rallying against traditional Frenchtheir primitive nature. His method of achieving this
theatre - the stock process of proposing agoal was to base theatre in the arenas of danger
problem at the beginning of a play and providing aand cruelty. He thought that words should act as
solution to this problem by the end of the play. Hean incantation and actors should become
envisioned a theatre characterised by freedom,something akin to shaman summoning life themes
mystery and surrealism and he observed thethat are beyond human.
roots of this type theatre in the work of