| Princess Mary Stuart was born at Linlithgow Place, | | | | France decided to withdraw their troops from |
| Linlithgow, Scotland in December 1542 to King | | | | Scotland and recognise Elizabeth as Queen of |
| James V of Scotland and his French wife Mary of | | | | England, Mary refused to ratify this agreement. |
| Guise. The week old Mary became Queen of | | | | She returned to Scotland in 1561 but she |
| Scotland when her father died at the age of 30. | | | | tolerated the Protestant ascendancy. In 1565, |
| Things were moving rather swiftly for Mary, | | | | Mary married Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley. |
| when just six months old, the Treaties of | | | | Elizabeth felt threatened by the match as both |
| Greenwich promised Mary to be married to | | | | were claimants to the English throne, both being |
| Edward , son of King Henry VIII in 1552 and for | | | | direct descendants of Margaret Tudor, the elder |
| their heirs to inherit the Kingdoms of Scotland and | | | | sister of Henry VIII. Following the birth of their |
| England. However, the Treaties of Greenwich fell | | | | son James in 1566, a plot was hatched to remove |
| apart, the agreement did not sit well with the | | | | Darnley and he was duly assassinated in February |
| Scots, Henry embarked on what has become | | | | 1567. In April, 1567, Mary was abducted and |
| known as the ‘rough wooing’ designed to | | | | raped by James Hepburn, Fourth Earl of Bothwell, |
| ensure the agreement was met. He began raiding | | | | they were married the following month according |
| Scottish territories, in May 1544, English forces | | | | to Protestant rites. The Scottish nobility turned |
| arrived in the Firth of Forth intent on capturing | | | | against Mary, she was incarcerated and forced to |
| Edinburgh and kidnapping Mary, however she was | | | | abdicate the Scottish throne in favour of her one |
| secretly hid at Stirling Castle. The French came to | | | | year old son James. Mary escaped in 1568 and |
| the aid of the Scots, the King of France, Henry II, | | | | raised a small army but she was defeated at the |
| proposed to unite France and Scotland by | | | | Battle of Langside and fled to England, where she |
| marrying Mary to his three year old son, the | | | | was immediately imprisoned and remained so for |
| Dauphin Francis. With her marriage agreement | | | | the ensuing eighteen years. In 1586, Mary was |
| settled, the five year old Mary moved to France | | | | tried for treason over her alleged involvement in |
| in 1548 to the French court. In 1558 she married | | | | the Babington Plot to kill Elizabeth. She was found |
| the Dauphin Francis with him assuming the title | | | | guilty and beheaded . She is interred along with |
| King consort of Scots. When Henry II died in | | | | Elizabeth in Westminster Abbey. Mary’s son |
| 1559, Mary, Queen of Scots, became Queen | | | | James married Anne of Denmark in 1589, they |
| consort of France, her husband becoming Francis | | | | had many children but only three survived - |
| II of France. Mary was next in line to the English | | | | Charles I of England; Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia |
| throne after her father’s cousin Queen | | | | and Frederick, Prince of Wales. Her grand-children |
| Elizabeth I who was childless. | | | | included Charles II of England and James II of |
| When Mary’s husband, Francois died in 1560, | | | | England. |